Multitudes of Monarchs

Are you ready to join us and be monarch heroes?

This spring, the Science Mill and Science Outside are launching the Monarch Conservation Project – a year-long program dedicated to supporting and protecting the monarch butterflies.

What is the Monarch Conservation Project?

The Science Mill started this project in the fall of 2023 by becoming a Monarch Watch official Monarch Waystation.

This means that we have a certain amount of land dedicated to planting nectar sources for monarch butterflies as they make their way south, to the Oyamel fir forests of Central Mexico. We also participated in physically capturing and tagging adult monarch butterflies as they stopped in our backyard on their journey. 

Infographic by Xerces Society

From last October’s Monarch Tagging

This spring, we are making further efforts by planting a native milkweed garden and rearing a batch of monarch caterpillars for release.

It is the hope that the milkweed will provide for these and other monarch caterpillars for years to come, along with the wonderful nectar sources in our main pollinator garden providing for adults who may stop in for a rest. If all goes well, another tag and release will be on the horizon for next year's events. 

We hope to learn a lot this year about what works best for our site and really support migration in a big way this fall and in the spring of 2025.

— Rachel Grotte, Environmental Education Specialist and Curriculum Coordinator

It is crucial that small efforts like these are made around the continent, as monarch butterflies are struggling more than ever. Overwintering numbers were down by as much as 60%. Despite the monarch butterfly now being on the endangered species list, we remain hopeful that, with the work of numerous great organizations, collaborations, and efforts, they are on their way to recovery. 

The Science of the Monarch Butterfly: Danaeus plexippus

Monarch butterflies have an incredibly complex life cycle and migration cycle. They are considered holometabolous, or undergo complete metamorphosis. This means that they go through all four stages, including a pupal stage.

Source

They change from a wiggly caterpillar, ravenous for tender milkweed leaves, eating a foot and a half before being satiated, to a soft jade green chrysalis, then emerging as a rather large black and orange butterfly, as lovely as it is unpalatable to predators, capable of flying hundreds of miles. 

The migration cycle is even more astounding when you realize that the central monarch migration is happening in a sort of grand relay which takes 4-5 generations before completion. Adults live 2-4 weeks at most in the summer, spending it mating and laying eggs on milkweed. Only one of the generations are migrating butterflies, the last of the year. They can live longer, but face many challenges on their way. Learn more about the science of the monarch life cycle at Journey North FAQ with Dr. Karen Oberhauser. 

What can you do to help?

Plant a Pollinator Garden!

If you plant it, they will come. The butterflies that is! Butterflies, bees, flies and many beetles all love nectar. We can plant milkweeds that are native to our region, plus nectar plants for the adult butterflies to rest and refuel on their long journey. Planting a wide variety of other native perennial flowers will serve as a food source for monarchs and other important pollinators. In Texas, we have over 800 native bee species alone!

Native flowering perennials are hardy plants that are often drought resistant, and come back every year, easily supporting the ecosystem of your backyard. See the Xerces Society guide on what nectar plants are the most impactful for Monarch butterflies in your region. Another option is to plant a mixed seed garden meant for your ecoregion. A Southern Plains pocket prairie is great for most of Texas. Native American Seed, based in Llano, is a great resource for inspiration, quality guides and instructions, plus pesticide free seeds just right for your region’s pollinators. We recommend the Pollinators Essentials or many other highly specific seed blends. 

Avoid pesticides

Monarch caterpillars feed specifically on Asclepias leaves, which are found wild and generally uncontaminated by pesticides. (If rearing monarchs, do not feed from sources that may be sprayed.) Flowering nectar plants sold in many large operation nurseries may have had broad spectrum pesticides applied to them, and are not always safe as a nectar source for adult butterflies. Talking to the people at your local nursery is a great idea. Ask them if they use neonicotinoids and similar systemic insecticides. Let them know you would love to see some pesticide free native plants in the nursery. See this page for more ideas. 

Check this database to find a resource near you!

Remove your tropical milkweed

Through research and observation,it is now known that the tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica) should not be planted in temperate areas where it does not die back in winter. It can grow later in the season than native milkweed, confusing adults into breeding and laying eggs instead of migrating. These eggs will not survive the winter. In addition, tropical milkweed has been suspected of furthering the spread of a protozoan parasite of monarch’s called Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, or OE. Normally, native milkweeds die back after blooming and the parasite dies along with them so that each summer’s monarch population feeds on fresh, parasite-free foliage.

Participate in Community Science or Community Projects

A great way to help monarchs and other ecologically important species is to get involved in Community or Citizen Science projects. Reporting sightings of monarch butterflies on Journey North or iNaturalist is easy and helps us learn more about Monarch populations. 

You could also consider planting a local community garden with a pollinator focus or create a seed sharing network with your neighbors. You could talk to your neighborhood about leaving the wildflowers during peak season, and avoiding pesticides in landscaping areas. 

Some Monarch specific online community science projects can also be found on Monarch Watch. You can participate by tagging monarchs, reporting monarch sightings to help with population estimates, or get serious and become a trained participant in the Monarch Larva Monitoring Project. 

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Public support and resources to get started: 

Community Science and Conservation

• https://monarchwatch.org/

• journeynorth.org

What nectar plants to buy

Seed source

What milkweed for my area?

• Ecoregion map and appropriate milkweed species at Monarch Watch Seed Needs

Check where Monarchs are near you or report your sightings!

• iNaturalist

• Journey North

• Monarch Watch

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Craft Corner

Make your own 3D Monarch Butterfly Life Cycle Paper Craft

Video

Instructions:

1. Print the template provided.

2. Cut out the pieces. Fold on the dotted lines. 

3. Add glue to the glue panel on each piece. 

4. Place the pieces together so that they connect in the correct order of metamorphosis. 

5. Display your life cycle model proudly and tell everyone who sees it about how they can help conserve monarchs!

How to safely enjoy the upcoming total solar eclipse

This April 8, many parts of Texas, which includes the Science Mill in Johnson City, will bear witness to the total solar eclipse. This rare celestial event promises a breathtaking display of nature’s wonders as the moon temporarily obscures the sun, casting a mesmerizing shadow over the Lone Star State.

As we anticipate this once-in-a-lifetime spectacle, it’s important to remember that observing a solar eclipse requires caution and preparation to ensure a safe and memorable experience for all. Here are some essential safety reminders to keep in mind as you gear up for this extraordinary event.

PROTECT YOUR EYES

Perhaps the most vital safety precaution during a solar eclipse is safeguarding your eyes from the intense solar radiation. NEVER look at the sun directly, even during the eclipse! Doing so can cause severe and permanent damage to your vision. It's imperative to use proper eye protection such as solar viewing glasses or handheld solar viewers with certified filters. These specialized lenses are designed to block harmful ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation while allowing you to observe the eclipse safely.

Beware of Counterfeit Glasses

With the heightened demand for solar viewing glasses during an eclipse, counterfeit products may flood the market. To ensure your eye safety, only use glasses that meet the international safety standards (ISO 12312-2) for solar filters. Check for reputable vendors and certifications to guarantee the authenticity of your viewing equipment. Remember, compromising on the quality of your eye protection is never worth the risk.

ISO-certified solar viewing glasses available at the Science Mill Science Store!

Supervise Children and Pets

Children and pets may be particularly curious about the eclipse. However, they are also more susceptible to eye damage from improper viewing. Always supervise young ones and furry friends, ensuring they wear appropriate eye protection at all times. Explain the importance of eclipse safety to children in simple terms, emphasizing the danger of looking directly at the sun without proper gear.

Avoid DIY Solutions

While it may be tempting to improvise with makeshift viewing methods, such as sunglasses, smoked glass, or unfiltered cameras, these alternatives provide inadequate protection against solar radiation. DIY solutions can fail to block harmful rays, putting your eyes at risk of injury. Stick to approved solar viewing glasses or viewers from reliable sources to guarantee your safety and enjoyment during the eclipse.

Use Indirect Viewing Methods

If you're unable to obtain certified solar viewing glasses, don't fret. There are plenty of indirect viewing methods that allow you to experience the eclipse safely. Create a pinhole projector using cardboard or paper to project the image of the partially eclipsed sun onto a surface. You can also use a telescope or binoculars to project the sun's image onto a piece of white paper. These methods offer a captivating way to observe the eclipse without direct eye exposure.

Protect Cameras and Equipment

If you're planning to capture the eclipse through photography or videography, ensure your camera equipment is equipped with solar filters. Without proper filtration, the intense sunlight can damage camera sensors and lenses, rendering them unusable. Additionally, never look through a camera viewfinder or optical device without appropriate eye protection.

Stay Hydrated, Sun-Safe, and prepared!

Total eclipses can draw large crowds, especially in prime viewing locations. Be prepared for potential heat and sun exposure by staying hydrated, wearing sunscreen, and seeking shade when necessary. Plan ahead by bringing plenty of water, sunscreen with a high SPF, hats, and lightweight clothing to shield yourself from the sun's rays. Prioritize your health and comfort to fully enjoy the eclipse experience.

Be Mindful of Traffic and Crowds

As eclipse enthusiasts converge on viewing sites across Texas, anticipate increased traffic and crowds in popular areas. Plan your transportation and accommodations in advance to avoid last-minute hassles. Consider packing some extra food and water in case you get stuck in traffic for a long time. Practice patience and courtesy on the roads, and follow any instructions from law enforcement or event organizers to ensure a smooth and safe experience for everyone.

embrace THE EXPERIENCE

Above all, remember to savor the magic of the total eclipse. It's a rare and awe-inspiring event that is best enjoyed with friends, family, and your community.

If you haven’t found a great viewing spot, come join us for Solar Spectacle at the Science Mill! Day passes include admission for 4, 4 eclipse glasses, and a reserved parking slot. Plus, you can commemorate your experience with some great eclipse souvenirs — luckily, the Science Mill has some great ones to help you remember this moment!

To ensure guests’ comfort and safety, slots are LIMITED — so make sure to get your tickets now!

2024 eclipse poster, tote bag, notebook, magnet, and sticker available at the Science Mill Science Store

How to support women in STEM

“Without the participation of women, we have only half the brain power, half the spirit, and ultimately, half the potential.” [source]

As a company founded by a female STEM entrepreneur, the Science Mill has a unique perspective on Women in STEM.  She founded and served as CEO for two successful biotech ventures which she led before brokering sales to large public companies. She has been awarded many accolades and awards for her work in STEM Education and her entrepreneurial efforts including the Entrepreneur of the Year/Minnesota and Dakota” award, Houston’s award for Outstanding Women in Science 2018, and the John Covert Watson Award for Vision 2017.

Our founder and President of the Board Dr. Bonnie Baskin is a force for STEM education. Ingrained into the mission and vision of the Mill is not just that we spark interest in STEM careers but also help women and girls grow their STEM identities. Dr. Baskin is a career virologist and biotech entrepreneur. She has also been the topic of many chapters in entrepreneurial books. She purposefully integrated a focus on building STEM-efficacy in girls into all of our programs and showing them that diversity in STEM fields is needed now more than ever.

“If you don’t look like everyone in the room, you belong there even more.” [source]

- LaDoris Harris, director of the Office of Economic Impact and Diversity in the U.S. Department of Energy

From our earliest beginnings more than 9 years ago, Dr. Baskin encouraged and built deep partnerships with multiple female STEM leaders including the incomparable Tricia Berry, the Executive Director of Women in STEM (WiSTEM) at The University of Texas at Austin. Tricia is a nationally recognized leader in STEM Education with over 25 years of experience, she also works in STEM Workforce Development, Effective STEM Messaging and Engagement, Strategies to Engage Girls/Women in STEM, STEM Role Model Effective Strategies, Informal STEM Curriculum Development and Facilitation, Engaging Volunteers and Role Models, and Leadership and Career Development. In our first conversations with Tricia she helped us to understand how to “talk” to girls in our program offerings, how to raise the STEM identities, how to approach marketing and training our programs so that we could better attract young women and help guide them into the STEM leaders of tomorrow. During the development of our virtual Professional Development series, we were fortunate to partner with Mrs. Berry once again and provide an entire section around Women in STEM and engaging females in STEM learning. During the module we broke down PBS’s SCIGirls approach to engaging girls in STEM along with statistics and resources from Tricia’s influential work with the National Girls Collaborative Project.

Watch more of our interview with Tricia Berry here:

“Between the years of 1966 and 1977, over 5,000 drawings of scientists made by girls were collected. Only 28 (0.56%) of them depicted female scientists. She states that over 80 similar studies with more than 20,000 participants were conducted since then. And by 2016, a whopping 58% of scientists drawn by girls were females. This gives us hope that by ushering in a growth mindset and an open, experimental atmosphere, educators can create a safe place for girls to explore all facets of STEM from an early age, allowing more space and time for growth.” [source]

By the Numbers - Statistics 

“Girls/young women and boys/young men do not significantly differ in their abilities in mathematics and science, but do differ in their interest, confidence, and sense of belonging in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).” [source] NGCP produces a State of Girls and Women in STEM annually every March. In comparison of 2023 and 2024 numbers there is a 1% growth in Women in the STEM workforce. 

[Source]

Strategies to Engage Girls in STEM

“If we, as teachers, can encourage girls to take those difficult classes and support and celebrate their efforts rather than their outcomes, this will go a long way toward encouraging them to stay in those classes.” [source]

SciGirls Strategies outline a 6 step, research based approach to engaging girls in STEM and helping them have confidence in their abilities. 

1. Connect STEM Experiences to Girl’s Lives
   Approach STEM learning from a culturally responsive perspective and engage girls through their personal experiences, culture, knowledge, skills and personal interests. Encourage them to pursue content that has real world relevance for them. Embrace new opportunities to connect girls to STEM learning with community organizations like WiSTEM and Women in STEM (WiSTEM) ambassadors, Use international events such as the International Women and Girls in Science Day to connect with stories of women in these fields that could help you connect with your students. Use valuable free resources like PBS’s Inspire a Generation of Innovators on Women & Girls in Science Day! — Mountain Lake PBS to a ensure a multimodal learning experience for young women and incorporate “edventures” form an early age!

2. Support Girls as they use STEM practices
   Connect with us at the Science Mill to incorporate any of our hands-on, inquiry-driven off-site STEM programs such as Summer Camps, Afterschool STEM Discovery Clubs, or Labs on the Go. If you’re within range, visit us for field trips and add on a learning lab. Get tools in their hands that allow them to gain experience in “doing” science that help build strong STEM identities and self-efficacy. Whether at home or in the classroom, engage with online STEM activities with DIY STEM activities designed for girls | The GiST.

3. Empower Girls to embrace struggles
   We now know that the difference in representation of men versus women in STEM fields is not due to lack of achievement or skill in math or science but rather a lack of confidence in their own abilities. In order to overcome challenges, women and girls must embrace failure as a learning experience and not a lack of skill. One political leader chose to embrace this topic, as she encourages us all as parents and educators to teach our girls to be brave, not perfect. In her impactful TED talk, Teach Girls Bravery, Not Perfection, Reshma Saujani, discusses how to leverage failure as an opportunity to preserve thus changing the narrative for young women everywhere by encouraging them to have moxy to go against a social construct wherein successful women must be “perfect” at what they do and not fail. Supporting young women to have a growth mindset around the opportunities presented through failure will help reshape aspirations and knock down barriers to those more in-depth science, technology and math courses.

4. Encourage Girls to challenge STEM stereotypes
   Use tools to unleash the social justice warriors in young women by introducing them to lessons, texts, tasks and strategies from organizations like Learning for Justice. Represent the women on the frontiers of emerging, collaborative STEM projects and missions such as NASA’s Women of Artemis. Allow them to hear from the unsung women heroes of scientific discovery with projects like The Untold History of Women in Science and Technology | The White House. By incorporating these brave women and their accomplishments, we can help them rise to the occasion and break barriers for those who will follow in their footsteps. 

5. Emphasize the STEM is collaborative, social and community-oriented
   The large statistical representation of women in the social sciences and life sciences are not really shocking given the natural inclination and societal norms of women being caretakers. This strategy aims to increase the interest and motivation in becoming STEM professionals and change the “stereotypical perception that STEM jobs require people to work alone.” (from video) “Because fewer women study and work in STEM, these fields tend to perpetuate inflexible, exclusionary, male-dominated cultures that are not supportive of or attractive to women and minorities.” [source]

6. Interact with Diverse Role Models
   Representation matters. Having posters of STEM women from reputable sources like the St. Louis Science Center and incorporating Role Model Profiles from SciGirls into your curriculum can also boost their confidence and interest in STEM content by allowing them to “see” themselves in STEM.  

As we close out this post, let’s take a pause to reflect on the resources, partners, and strategies at your disposal to help inspire the next generation of Women in STEM. How will you build a better future for them? 

Eclipse Quest: A Mobile Eclipse Education Program

This April 8, 2024, many parts of the continental United States will experience a rare, once-in-a-lifetime phenomenon: a total solar eclipse — and the Science Mill in Johnson City, Texas is right in the path of totality! This means that the moon will completely block out the sun for almost 4 minutes.

To help rural students living in the eclipse path better understand the significance of the eclipse, the Science Mill, with the support of the Simons Foundation, created the Eclipse Quest, a mobile eclipse education program. This mobile program, delivered to key rural communities in central Texas, is a gamified, educational experience that walks students through different aspects of the solar eclipse, including its causes, effects, and cultural significance. From assembling their own solar viewing devices to exploring the properties of light and shadow, students will gain a deep understanding of the science behind this incredible celestial event.

STEM Education Specialists Shelby, Angelica, and Aileen with an Eclipse Quest table

Eclipse Quest is designed to maximize student interaction by providing each team of students with access to the four interactive components enhanced by a digital gamified experience that helps the team navigate the activity. As each one of the four activities are completed, it unlocks the code to the next activity. Some questions that get explored include:

• Why do eclipses happen so infrequently?

• What causes an eclipse?

• Who in history was first to make sense of the Earth-moon-sun relationship?

These and other questions are explored as teams of students examine clues, solve mathematical problems, and use critical thinking to complete all stages and unlock the mystery of our solar system!

For continued learning and engagement, each participating student also receives a take-home kit that contains an informative activity booklet and a pair of eclipse glasses. They also get the Science Mill’s unique build-your-own cardboard orrery kits that illustrate how the Sun, Moon, and Earth move to create eclipses.

Excited to learn more about the eclipse? Come watch the eclipse with us on April 8!

Aside from a great view, there will be special eclipse-themed floor activities to enhance your experience. Each eclipse day pass includes admission for 4, 4 pairs of eclipse glasses, and a reserved parking slot in our west parking lot. Limited slots only! No walk-ins will be allowed. See you there!